மாணவர் வட்டி இல்லா கல்விக்கடன்

வடக்கு,கிழக்கு இலங்கை மற்றும் தமிழகத்தில் பொருளாதார சிக்கலில் கல்வியைத் தொடரும் மாணவர் உள்ளனர்.இவ்வாறான பொருளாதார வறுமையில் மாட்டிக்கொண்டுள்ள மாணவர்கள் கல்வியை தொடர முடியாத நிலை ஏற்படுவதுடன் குடும்ப வறுமையைப் போக்க மாற்றுத்தொழில் செய்வதும்  கட்டாயமாகிறது. இவ்வாறான சிக்கலை எதிர் கொள்ளும் மாணவர்கள் மறுபடியும் கல்வியைப் பெறுவது சாத்தியமாவதில்லை.

ஈழம் குழுமம் திறமை மற்றும் படிப்பதற்கான ஆர்வம் இருந்தும் கல்வியை தொடர குடும்பப் பொருளாதாரம் சிக்கலானதாக இருக்கும் மாணவருக்கு நீண்ட கால குறுகிய கால வட்டி இல்லா, மிக மிக குறைந்த வட்டிக்கடன்களை வழங்கி வருகிறது. இலங்கையின் வடக்கு கிழக்கு தொடர்சியான 35 ஆண்டு காலம் உள் நாட்டுப்போரால் தமிழர் கல்விச்சமூகம் மொத்தமாக சீர்கெட்டிருக்கிறது. 2009 ஆண்டின் பின்  தனது வாழ்வாதாரத்தை தமிழர் முழுமையாக தொலைத்து 30 ஆண்டுகள் பின்நோக்கி சென்றுள்ளனர்.

மிக முக்கிமாக வடக்கு கிழக்கு தமிழரின் மிகப்பெரும் செல்வமாக நாம் கொண்டாடிக்கொண்டிருந்த கல்வியும் கல்வி சார் தொழில் முறைகளும் மிக மிக பின் தங்கிப்போயுள்ளது. கல்வித்தரத்தில் மிக மோசமான நிலையில் இருந்த மாற்று சமூகம் இன்று நமது தமிழ் சமூகத்தை கல்வி பெறுபேறுகளிலும் அறிவுசார் அரச,அரசு சார தொழில் துறைகளிலும் பின் தள்ளி விட்டு மிக வேகமாக முன்னேறி வருகிறது.

தமிழர் இன்று பின்தங்கியமைக்கு பலமான காரணங்கள் பல இருந்தாலும் கடந்து வந்த காலங்களில் இன்றைய நிலையும் நிதர்சனமே! ஆனாலும் நாம் வரும் காலங்களை தமிழருக்கான கல்விக்கான காலமாக உருவாக்க வேண்டும்.

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Dream movements of the Tamil students of srilanka

முன்னாள் போராளிகள் மறுவாழ்வுக்கடன்.

விடுதலைப்போரில் பங்காற்றி 2009 ஆண்டிற்கு பின் மறுவாழ்விற்காக முயன்று கொண்டிருக்கும் நம் உறவுகளுக்கு,அவர் தம் விருப்பத்திற்கேற்ப சுயதொழில் தொடங்க, உலக தமிழ் உறவுகளின் முதலீட்டுடன் வட்டியில்லா குறுகிய கால நீண்ட கால தொழிற்கடன் வழங்குதல்.

வட்டியில்லா பெண்கள் சுய தொழில் கடன்

 Widow-headed family and family headed by woman.

கணவனை இழந்த குடும்பப் பெண்கள் மற்றும் பெண்களை தலைமையாக கொண்ட  முயற்சியும் ஆக்கமும் ஊக்கமும் உள்ள பெண்கள் சுயதொழில் செய்ய விருப்பம் கொணடால் ஈழம் குழுமம் கைகொடுக்கும்.முழுமையாக உலக தமிழரில் ஆதரவுடன்,குறிப்பாக சராசரி முதலீட்டிற்கான வருவாயை எதிர் பார்க்காது, பல காரணங்களால் பொருளாதார வறுமையை எட்டியுள்ள குடும்பங்களின் வாழ்வாதாரத்தை உறுதிப்படுத்த, நல்லுள்ளம் கொண்ட உறவுகள் இலாப நோக்கற்று மேற்கொள்ளாப்படும் செயற்திட்டம் .ஆனாலும் ஈழம் குழுமம் இவ்வாறான முதலீட்டாளர் சிறுஅளவிலான இலாபத்தை பகிர்வதை உறுதி செய்யும்.

Widow-headed family and family headed by women.

COLOMBO, Sri Lanka (Thomson Reuters Foundation) – When Sri Lanka’s brutal civil war ended in May 2009 after raging for over two and half decades, it signaled the end of a long- running national nightmare. But, with many men killed, for thousands of women the war’s end meant the beginning of a new life of hardship.

Viji, a 32-year-old widow from the village of Oddusuddan, deep in the northern Mullaittivu District where the last battles of the war were fought, lost her former husband in a shell attack and has been struggling to raise her three children alone. 

“It is hard. I have to work, look after household affairs and make sure the kids go to school,” said Viji, who goes by one name.  Before her husband’s death, Viji never worked outside the home. He looked after the finances while she took care of the household affairs.

After being displaced between late 2008 into early 2010, Viji returned home to find her small house flattened. “When we first came back, everyone was desperate. There were no houses, no income. But at least there was some assistance.”

Viji like other families returning home received around $140 as a grant from the UN High Commission for Refugees. The family also received food assistance until about mid-2012. Since then, Viji has been forced to seek employment.Matters are made worse by the lack of jobs in the Northern Province. Unemployment data is not available for the full province, but in the two districts where data has been available, the unemployment rate is over twice the national rate of 4%.

Viji survives by doing day jobs like cleaning houses, gardening or helping out in harvesting. The maximum she gets paid is Rs 500 (about 40 US cents) per day. “On a good day, I might get food, which I try to take back home for the kids.”

MORE THAN 40,000 SINGLE FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS

Viji’s story is not rare.

According to the Durable Solutions Promotion Group, a voluntary group comprised of experts on aid policy, human rights, and humanitarian aid experts from the UN and other international organizations, there are over 40,000 families in the Northern Province headed by single women, many of whose husbands were killed, are missing or are in government detention for suspected affiliation with the defeated rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).

Saroja Sivachandran, who heads the Centre for Women and Development in northern Jaffna, said that the number of such households could exceed 50,000.

There are an estimated 89,000 such war widows in Sri Lanka. Since 2009, the guns have fallen silent after 26 years of ethnic based civil war, but the widows are still struggling to feed themselves and their children. Many war widows belong to fishing communities in the north and east of Sri Lanka. Their plight has recently been captured in an Al Jazeera.

Many parts of north east Srilankan  fishing village of Santhipuram has 450 families of which 75 are headed by women—60 widows and 15 deserted women. Fishery is the main livelihood source. The men go out to sea, fishing, and the women dovarious types of related work. Sivachandran said that as Sri Lanka reduced assistance to returning families and humanitarian agencies began pulling out, single female-headed families faced a precarious situation.

“There are lots of concerns over food security, family security, the security of the children, the list can be endless,” Sivachandran said.In mid-2013, the World Food Programmed carried out a food security assessment in the region and found that 43% of the families in the Northern Province were food insecure. With a debilitating drought in the last six months and harvest losses of over 50% in the province, many feel that the situation is worsening.

“It is getting harder and harder for these women to find gainful employment. That is forcing them leave their vulnerable families for long periods of time,” Sivachandran said. She cautioned that unless action is taken to assist this group as separate community, the families will be in grave danger.

A glimpse of such vulnerabilities was provided by the latest Sri Lanka update by the Durable Solutions Promotion Group.  Released in March, it said that incidents of sexual violence and abuse of minors was increasing among single female-headed families.

“There is a clear indication that children of the estimated 40,000 women-headed households are the most vulnerable to sexual abuse,” the update  said.

It also found that as sole breadwinners, women who head households are often absent, working as daily laborers and leaving their children without adequate care and protection. Field reports indicate that, in this environment, new partners of widows or extended family members are perpetrating abuse against children.

Kulasekran Kugamathi has been searching for her husband and eldest son since the end of the civil war in Sri Lanka. The total number of people killed and missing as a result of the conflict is still unknown and remains a highly sensitive issue. Like many women, Kulasekran Kugamathi lost her husband during Sri Lanka's civil war. (Amantha Perera/IRIN)

Almost six years after Sri Lanka’s bloody civil conflict came to an end, an underreported legacy of the fighting is finally being acknowledged: the extraordinarily high number of war widows struggling to make ends meet.

Sri Lanka’s new government, led by President Maithripala Sirisena, estimated last month that Northern Province, which bore the brunt of the three decades of conflict, has an astonishing 50,000 families headed by single women.

It is the first time anyone has attached a figure to the phenomenon and it could have profound implications for government policy.

“It has remained a huge problem since the end of the war,” said Roopavathi Ketheeswaran, the top public official in Kilinochchi district, which forms part of Northern Province and used to be the stronghold of the Tamil Tiger rebels. “(It is) a problem that had gone largely unaddressed because of lack of resources.”

Yogeshwari Ramalingam, a 39-year-old widow from neighbouring Mullaithivu district, is trying to put her three children — aged eight to 14 – through school. But it is tough going.

“During the war, my husband went missing,” she told IRIN. “He went looking for food and never came back. Since then I have been struggling.”

Peace as scary as war

The family home was hit by shelling during the war, but Ramalingam can’t afford to rebuild it. When she returned to her village in 2011, she received around $189 from the UN refugee agency, UNHCR. It was meant to help the family resettle, but after spending about $50 on roofing materials and the rest on food, the money was soon gone.

Since then, Ramalingam has been surviving by doing odd jobs in the village and traveling 20 kilometres out to work in the paddy fields during rice harvesting seasons. She was given some vocational training in embroidery by a local, church-based NGO, but has been unable to use her new skills because of the lack of employment opportunities.

“It has been hard, very hard. I thought the war was the nightmare. Peace has been equally scary.”

New approach

The government, which took office in January, has signaled a new approach to addressing the divisive issues that still linger, long after the end of the civil war, including the parlous situation facing women in war-ravaged Northern Province.

My husband went looking for food and never came back At least one in five families in the north is led by a woman with no husband, according to official estimates.

The government has already announced the establishment of a national centre in Kilinochchi to look after the needs of such families and has now introduced low interest loans of up to $260 specifically for these women.

“This is the first time such a centre has been set up, so now we can look at this unique group and provide targeted assistance,” Ketheeswaran said, adding that the biggest problem was lack of jobs. To that end, “we will also provide tailor-made vocational training,” she said.

There have been very few programmes designed to help the war widows to date. Since the start of 2013, the International Committee of the Red Cross has provided 435 women with funds of up to $378 to start new businesses. While the grants are welcome, that number represents only a small fraction of those needing help.

No jobs

While the national unemployment rate for women is 6.6 percent, “the unemployment rates among females are higher in the north,” said Muttukrishna Sarvananthan, author of a research paper on the issue due to be published in June.

Female unemployment rates in the five districts that make up the Northern Province are 10.9 percent in Jaffna, 29.4 percent in Kilinochchi, 21.6 percent in Mannar, 20.5 percent in Mullaithivu and 9.0 percent in Vavuniya.

The districts with the highest figures – above 20 percent – are those where the fighting was fiercest. By comparison, the unemployment rate for women in Colombo is 3.2 percent, 7.0 percent in Galle and 6.8 percent in Kandy.